Epidemiological Survey and Assessing Control Models against Warble Fly Infestation in Goats and Cattle at Various Ecologies of Pakistan

Munib Hussain; Mohammad Qasim; Laiba Saghir; Arsalan Said; Ikramul Haq; Sadaf Shahid; Nasir Ali; Fatima  Abbas; Najeeb Ullah; Abid Hussain; Abdul Razzaq; Asma Latif

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i8.1458

Authors

Munib Hussain Animal Health Program, Animal Science Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
Mohammad Qasim Animal Health Program, Animal Science Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
Laiba Saghir Department of Zoology, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Arsalan Said Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Swat, Pakistan
Ikramul Haq Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Khyber Pakhunkhwa, Pakistan
Sadaf Shahid Sadar Bahdur Khan Women University, Quetta, Pakistan
Nasir Ali Livestock and Dairy Development Department Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
Fatima Abbas Department of Zoology, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Najeeb Ullah Livestock and Dairy Development Department Punjab, Pakistan
Abid Hussain Balochistan Agriculture Research and Development Center, Quetta, Pakistan
Abdul Razzaq Animal Sciences Division, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
Asma Latif Animal Health Program, Animal Science Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i8.1458

Keywords:

Epidemiology, Remote data, Treatment, Warble fly, Pakistan.

Abstract

Hypodermosis is a significant parasitic infection in cattle and goats in hilly and semi-hilly areas of Pakistan, Warble fly larval migration and emergence cause hide and skin perforation, leading to major economic losses in livestock and leather industries. The present research is designed to explore, Field epidemiology, Remote Data Collection and treatment control model of warble fly infestation in federating unit’s i.e. (Punjab, Gilgit-Baltistan, Balochistan, Khyber Pukhunkhwa and Azad Jammu and Kashmir) of Pakistan. The Veterinarians from 43 districts of Balochistan, AJK and Sindh gathered information regarding, epidemiology, life cycle, treatment from 171 livestock famers on pre- designed questionnaire. The warble fly larval prevalence trend showed lower prevalence (10.6%) than the previous ten years (13.02%). The prevalence was higher (between 2-27%) recorded in goats from Balochistan followed by Sindh (10%) and AJK (1%). Breed-wise higher prevalence was recorded in Cholistani cattle followed by Lohani, Red Sindhi. Friesian and Jersey breeds cattle were fond free of warble fly larvae infestation. In addition, the warble fly prevalence was also reported in Naserabad and Sibi areas of Balochistan. Three villages in each federating units were selected for establishing the therapeutic control models. In each federating units the animals were randomly divided into 4 groups i.e. A, B, C and D having 50 goats and 12 cattle in each group. The animals in A, B and C group were administered ivermectin 1% (1 ml/50 kg body weight) subcutaneously during August–September, while the D group was kept as a control. All the animals in treated groups were found free of warbles, while goats and cattle in control/untreated group showed (17-66%) prevalence. Warble fly prevalence was reported in Naserabad and Sibi areas of Balochistan, and Ivermectin during August and found 80-90% effective against warble fly larval infestation.

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