Advances in Plant-Based Nanoparticles: From Biosynthesis to Abiotic Stress Resilience in Crops

Aqsa Javaid; Muhammad Asadullah Usman; Maryam Jameela; Zainab; Usman Ahmed; Sohail Kumar; Muhammad Tahir; Javed Kamar; Khunsa Saeed; Sajid Hussain

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i8.1867

Authors

Aqsa Javaid SA-CIRBS, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad Asadullah Usman Beaconhouse, Newlands Islamabad, Pakistan.
Maryam Jameela University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
Zainab Department Biological Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.
Usman Ahmed Department of Physical Education, Govt. Jinnah Islamia Graduate College, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.
Sohail Kumar Department of Zoology, Govt. Murray Graduate College, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Tahir Department of Biological Sciences, Govt. Jinnah Islamia Graduate College, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.
Javed Kamar Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
Khunsa Saeed SA-CIRBS, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Sajid Hussain Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i8.1867

Keywords:

Abiotic Stressors, Characterization of Nanoparticles, Eco-Friendly, Nano Fertilizers

Abstract

Abiotic stress is the unfavorable impact of nonliving materials on living organisms in a particular environment. Major global challenges include possible pressures i.e. salinity, drought, high or low temperatures, heavy metals and other ecological limits. Plants are more prone to abiotic stress as the climate changes globally. The plants react to these challenges by activating several complex systems that modify the biochemical and morpho-physiological courses in them. Therefore, to create sustainable agricultural systems for crop production, technological progress of nanoparticles (NPs) necessitates the development to combat the harmful impacts of abiotic environmental restrictions. The various NPs used to treat plants to overcome environmental challenges include TiO2, Zn, ZnO, Ce, Co, Cu, Se, Ag, Si, Au, SiO2, FeO, Fe2O3, CaCO3, Mg, MgO, Mn, etc. These promise to boost crop productivity by enhancing abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in crops. Enhancement of root growth, aquaporins activation, altered intra-cellular water metabolism, ionic equilibrium and accumulation of solutes were the primary processes through which NPs reduced osmotic stress due to water scarcity. As nano-fertilizers, NPs have attracted considerable interest hiving elevated ratio of surface area to volume, eco-friendliness, inexpensive, distinctive physicochemical characteristics and enhanced plant production. Numerous investigations had specified the prospective function of NPs in the control of abiotic stress. This review highlighted green synthesis, characterization of NPs and their function in mitigating abiotic stresses and promoting development to build a lucrative and environment-friendly approach to future sustainability of agriculture.

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