Prevalence of Low HDL and High LDL Levels in Type II Diabetic Patients with Ischemic MCA Stroke
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i7.2344Abstract
Background: Type II diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with cerebrovascular disease, particularly ischemic stroke in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Disorders of blood lipids are a frequent comorbidity in diabetic patients, with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol playing central roles in endothelial damage, atherosclerosis, and plaque formation. Objective: To determine the frequency of high low density lipoproteins and low high density lipoproteins in stroke patients. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Duration and Place of Study: This study was carried out from February to May 2025 in the Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Methodology: A total of 103 patients aged between 30 and 70 years with previously diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus and clinically suspected stroke were recruited through non-probability consecutive sampling. Diagnosis of ischemic stroke was confirmed on neuroimaging. Venous blood samples were obtained for assessment of lipid profile. Reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was defined as values below 40 milligrams per deciliter in males and below 50 milligrams per deciliter in females. Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was defined as values above 130 milligrams per deciliter. Results: The mean age was 53.08±12.15 years, with males comprising 69.9% of participants. High LDL was observed in 59.2% of patients, while 29.1% demonstrated low HDL levels. No significant associations were found between lipid abnormalities and age, gender, BMI, hypertension, or family history of dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Elevated LDL and reduced HDL are common among type II diabetic patients with ischemic MCA stroke.
Downloads
References
1. Młynarska E, Czarnik W, Dzieża N, Jędraszak W, Majchrowicz G, Prusinowski F, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: new pathogenetic mechanisms, treatment and the most important complications. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(3):1094. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031094
2. Maida CD, Daidone M, Pacinella G, Norrito RL, Pinto A, Tuttolomondo A. Diabetes and ischemic stroke: an old and new relationship an overview of the close interaction between these diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(4):2397. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042397
3. Ramzan MA, Rehman H, Kumar B, Ghafoor A, Maheshwary N, Asif W, et al. Neurological complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a duration-based comparative study at a secondary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Cureus. 2025;17(7):e88562.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.88562
4. Stampouloglou PK, Anastasiou A, Bletsa E, Lygkoni S, Chouzouri F, Xenou M, et al. Diabetes mellitus in acute coronary syndrome. Life (Basel). 2023;13(11):2226. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112226
5. Mlonga J, Damian D. Lipid profile abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Tanzania: a retrospective study. J Diabetes Res. 2025;2025:9966933.
https://doi.org/10.1155/jdr/9966933
6. Zhen J, Li X, Yu H, Du B. High-density lipoprotein mimetic nano-therapeutics targeting monocytes and macrophages for improved cardiovascular care: a comprehensive review. J Nanobiotechnology. 2024;22(1):263. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-02529-x
7. Sakr HF, Sirasanagandla SR, Das S, Bima AI, Elsamanoudy AZ. Insulin resistance and hypertension: mechanisms involved and modifying factors for effective glucose control. Biomedicines. 2023;11(8):2271. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082271
8. Vyletelová V, Nováková M, Pašková Ľ. Alterations of HDL's to piHDL's proteome in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, and HDL-targeted therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022;15(10):1278.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15101278
9. Rezkalla SH, Kloner RA. Low HDL-the challenge. Clin Med Res. 2025;23(2):60-6.
https://doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2025.1970
10. Yuan J, Cai J, Zhao P, Zhao N, Hong RH, Ding J, et al. Association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and platelet distribution width in acute ischemic stroke. Front Neurol. 2021;12:631227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.631227
11. Gaggini M, Gorini F, Vassalle C. Lipids in atherosclerosis: pathophysiology and the role of calculated lipid indices in
assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with hyperlipidemia. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;24(1):75. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010075
12. Chakraborty S, Verma A, Garg R, Singh J, Verma H. Cardiometabolic risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a mechanistic insight. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2023;16:11795514231220780.
https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514231220780
13. Rehman NU, Bilal M, Shah SA, Imran M, Masood A. Frequency of deranged lipid profile in patients with stroke. Pak J Neurol Surg. 2023;27(4):507-15.
https://doi.org/10.36552/pjns.v27i4.943
14. Ghafoor A, Ghazanfar A, Sarfraz M, Ashraf SJ, Rehman TU, Mujtaba A. Frequency of dyslipidemia in ischemic strokes involving different regions of brain. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2023;17(2):91-3.
https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317291
15. Khadka T, Giri GK, Sherpa P, Ghimire U, Parajuli S, Pudasaini A, et al. Dyslipidemia among patients with ischemic stroke admitted to the department of medicine of a tertiary care centre. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2023;61(265):718-22. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.8261
16. Nirmala AC, Hrishikesh S. A cross sectional study of lipid profile in stroke patients. Int J Adv Med. 2020;7(4):687-93. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20201259
17. Jan SS, Alam J, Rahman F. The relationship of LDL-C in diabetic and non-diabetic stroke patients in District Swat. J Saidu Med Coll. 2017;7(2):122-6.
18. Khan S, Khan MNA, Sarwar N, et al. Comparison of high density lipid (HDL) cholesterol levels in acute ischemic stroke patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Pak Armed Forces Med J. 2025;75(Suppl-4):S516-S9. https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v75isuppl-4.6489
19. Rafique S, Rind Baloch MA, Nazir M, Saleem M. Ischemic stroke and its correlation with low blood cholesterol levels. Pak J Health Sci. 2023;4(12). https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i12.1201
20. Shen Y, Shi L, Nauman E, et al. Inverse association between HDL cholesterol and stroke risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Stroke. 2019;50:291-7. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023682
21. Rauf A, Rauf S. Comparison of levels of serum LDL- cholesterol in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. Rawal Med J. 2022;47(2):322-5.
22. Mahmood A, Sharif MA, Khan MN, Ali UZ. Comparison of serum lipid profile in ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2010;20(5):317-20.
23. Luo Y, Li J, Zhang J, Xu Y. Low HDL cholesterol is correlated to the acute ischemic stroke with diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis. 2014;13:171.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indus Journal of Bioscience Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
