Pharmacological Modulation of Heat Shock Proteins for Enhancing Thermotolerance and Immune Resilience in Heat-Stressed Livestock

Shakeeb Ullah; Mubarik Ali; Uzma Ashraf; Faiqah Ramzan; Norina Jabeen; Qamar Ullah; Irtaza Hussain

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v2i02.394

Authors

Shakeeb Ullah Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Mubarik Ali Animal Science Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Uzma Ashraf Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Faiqah Ramzan Department of Animal ad and Poultry Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, DI Khan, Pakistan.
Norina Jabeen Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Qamar Ullah Veterinary Research Center, Lakki Marwat, KP, Pakistan.
Irtaza Hussain Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v2i02.394

Keywords:

Heat Shock Protein 70, Thermotolerance, Pharmacological Modulation, Antioxidant Enzymes, Immune Resistance

Abstract

Background: Heat stress reduces immunological resilience and cattle output, hence efforts to improve thermotolerance are needed. This study thus aimed to increase thermotolerance and immunological function in heat-stressed cows by pharmacological regulation of HSP70 with resveratrol, quercetin, and geranylgeranyl acetone (GGA). Methods: One hundred and twenty cows aged 2–5 years were involved in this cross-sectional study carried out at Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan between February 2024 and October 2024. Four groups comprised cows: control, resveratrol (200 mg/day), quercetin (300 mg/day), and GGA (100 mg/day). Treatments were given for sixty days then under thirty-day observation. Rectal temperature, HSP70 expression, antioxidant enzyme activities, and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α) among physiological, biochemical, and immunological parameters were examined. Results: Treated groups showed notable lower rectal temperature than the control (p < 0.05). Day 60 saw quercetin and GGA reach the lowest temperatures—38.4 ± 0.2°C and 38.5 ± 0.2°C—against the control, 39.0 ± 0.3°C. By day 60, HSP70 concentrations rose dramatically and peaked in the GGA group (p = 0.001) at 3.2 ± 0.3 ng/mL. With SOD (11.5 ± 0.6 U/mg) and catalase (15.3 ± 0.7 U/mg), the GGA group had the highest antioxidant activity (p < 0.05). With the GGA group displaying 9.3 ± 0.7 pg/mL and 16.8 ± 0.8 pg/mL respectively, IL-6 and TNF-α levels likewise dropped (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Heat-stressed cows' thermotolerance, antioxidant defenses and immunological control are improved by pharmacological manipulation of HSP70 with quercetin and GGA. These agents deserve more long-term research since they showed good ways to reduce heat stress in animals.

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