Role of Microbiology in Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications for Food Safety and Public Health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i1.473Keywords:
Antimicrobial Resistance, Microbiology, One Health, Foodborne Pathogens, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Environmental Resistance, Alternative TherapiesAbstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a burgeoning worldwide health hazard with profound consequences for public health, food safety, and the efficacy of contemporary treatment. This review examines the significance of microbiology in comprehending, identifying, and addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR), emphasizing its effects on the food supply and public health. The main aim of this review is to consolidate existing research on the microbiological mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance (AMR), encompassing genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, and biofilm formation, while also investigating the environmental and agricultural factors that intensify the dissemination of resistance. The review thoroughly examines the literature, highlighting significant information gaps, especially regarding the dissemination of AMR across ecosystems and the microbiome's role in resistance. Significant findings underscore the relevance of the One Health paradigm in connecting human, animal, and environmental health, together with the encouraging progress in diagnostic tools and alternative treatments, like bacteriophage therapy. The review highlights the increasing worry regarding antimicrobial-resistant foodborne microorganisms, stressing the necessity for enhanced surveillance and more stringent agricultural controls. The review addresses the constraints of existing research, notably the absence of long-term studies evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial stewardship programs and the insufficient comprehension of environmental reservoirs of resistance. The review ultimately offers recommendations for future research, advocating for integrated studies that monitor resistance across human, animal, and environmental sectors and more excellent investigation of innovative therapy strategies. The paper comprehensively analyzes the problems and opportunities in addressing AMR. It offers significant insights for formulating effective strategies to battle this vital worldwide issue.
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