To Determine the Frequency of Central Obesity in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Presenting to a Cardiac Care Health Facility

Noor Elahi; Tahir Saghir; Neelam Anees; Sabar Jameel; Kinza  Hussain; Farhan Khan; Muhammad Taha

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i5.1055

Authors

Noor Elahi Department of Adult Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Pakistan.
Tahir Saghir Executive Director, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Pakistan.
Neelam Anees Department of Adult Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Pakistan.
Sabar Jameel Department of Adult Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Pakistan.
Kinza Hussain Department of Adult Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Pakistan.
Farhan Khan Department of Adult Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Pakistan.
Muhammad Taha Department of Adult Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i5.1055

Keywords:

Central Obesity, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Waist-Hip Ratio, Cardiovascular Risk, ST-Elevation MI, Gender Differences, Metabolic Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: Central obesity, characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the abdominal region, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Unlike general obesity assessed by body mass index (BMI), central obesity has been shown to have a stronger correlation with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) due to its association with insulin resistance, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Objective: To determine the frequency of central obesity among patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at a tertiary cardiac care facility in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi. A total of 370 patients with ACS were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling. Waist-hip ratio (WHR) was measured, and central obesity was defined as WHR >0.90 for males and >0.85 for females. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and anthropometrics were collected via structured questionnaire. Results: The overall prevalence of central obesity was 60.3 percent among ACS patients. A higher frequency was observed in females (75.7%) compared to males (50.0%). Central obesity was significantly associated with female gender (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.02), and family history of obesity (p = 0.016). Multivariate logistic regression showed that female gender (OR = 2.74), hypertension (OR = 1.65), and family history of obesity (OR = 1.89) were independent predictors of central obesity. Conclusion: It is concluded that central obesity is common among patients with acute coronary syndrome, especially in females. These findings highlight the need for routine assessment of waist-hip ratio in cardiac care settings and support the development of targeted strategies to reduce central obesity in high-risk populations.

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