Study the Association of Serum Lipid Profile with Hypertension in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia- A Case Control Study

Tarique Ahmed; Abdulaziz Saud Alotaibi; Saud Al Roughi; Hafiz Karimbux; Hanan Ayesh Albalawi; Maryam Younus; Muhammad Imran; Sabreen Khanum Ahmed Ali Khan; Mai Shahjahan

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i8.1915

Authors

Tarique Ahmed Department of Cardiology, Wahat Alshifa Polyclinic, Madinah Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abdulaziz Saud Alotaibi Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Saud Al Roughi Administration Department, Wahat Alshifa Polyclinic, Madinah Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Hafiz Karimbux Department of Internal Medicine, Wahat Alshifa Polyclinic, Madinah Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Hanan Ayesh Albalawi Human Resource Department, Wahat Alshifa Polyclinic, Madinah Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Maryam Younus College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Muhammad Imran Department of Surgery, Wahat Alshifa Polyclinic, Madinah Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Sabreen Khanum Ahmed Ali Khan Department of Nursing, Wahat Alshifa Polyclinic, Madinah Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mai Shahjahan Rooh Alshefaa Medical Polyclinic, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i8.1915

Keywords:

Blood Pressure, Lipids Disorder, Cardiovascular Disorders, and Risk Factors.

Abstract

Introduction: The highest rates of morbidity and mortality in Saudi Arabia are caused by heart disease, which is significantly increased by hypertension and dyslipidemia. The aim of this research was to compare the lipid profiles of hypertension patients in Saudi Arabia to those of normotensive control people to see if there was any relation. Methods: This Case Control study was performed at “Wahat Alshifa polyclinic Madinah Munawarah” Saudi Arabia, with 235 participants 201 hypertension patients and 34 normotensive controls. Socio-demographic information, measurements of anthropometric factors, blood pressure levels, and lipid profile information, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), were all gathered. Results: In this study lipid profile association between hypertensive and controls was as followed, high Total cholesterol (TC) (65.2% vs. 35.3%; P: 0.001), high triglyceride (TG) (77.6% vs. 61.8%; P: 0.047), low HDL (95.5% vs. 70.6%; P: 0.0001) and high LDL (72.6% vs. 50%; P: 0.008). While in our study hypertensive patients had 3.43and 2.14 times higher TC and TG, 2.65 times higher LDL, and 8.88 times lower HDL than normotensives. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study finding showed the highly significant association between hypertension and lipid disorders. In order to prevent heart attacks, strokes, as well as other multiple medical conditions, hypertensive individuals in Saudi Arabia need to get their blood pressure & lipid profile measured on a regular basis.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Islam, S., Choudhury, K. N., Mainuddin, A., & Wahiduzzaman, M. (2014). Serum lipid profile and its association with hypertension in Bangladesh. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 327.

https://doi.org/10.2147/vhrm.s61019

2. Bayart, N., Batsaikhan, S., Yondonjamts, P., Dansran, P., Lkhaasuren, G., Turbat, B., Tserendorj, B., & Batjargal, S. (2018). Serum lipid profile and its association with hypertension among mongolian adults. Central Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 4(3), 203-210.

https://doi.org/10.24079/cajms.2018.09.006

3. Tash, A. A., & Al-Bawardy, R. F. (2023). Cardiovascular disease in Saudi Arabia: Facts and the way forward. Journal of the Saudi Heart Association, 35(2), 148-162.

https://doi.org/10.37616/2212-5043.1336

4. Liu, X. Y., Xing, W. L., Jiang, J. C., Gao, C. Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, S., ... & Wang, Y. M. (2019). Current status of blood lipids in people with hypertension and diabetes in Henan province. Zhonghua xin xue Guan Bing za zhi, 47(5), 360-366.

https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2019.05.006

5. Amir, A., Alasnag, M., Al-Raddadi, R., Al-Bassam, T., Saeed, K., Yazıcıoğlu, M., & Shabana, A. (2023). Patient journey for hypertension and dyslipidemia in Saudi Arabia: Highlighting the evidence gaps. Archives of Public Health, 81(1).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-023-01121-3

6. Ali, N., Rahman, S., Islam, S., Haque, T., Molla, N. H., Sumon, A. H., Kathak, R. R., Asaduzzaman, M., Islam, F., Mohanto, N. C., Hasnat, M. A., Nurunnabi, S. M., & Ahmed, S. (2019). The relationship between serum uric acid and lipid profile in Bangladeshi adults. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 19(1).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1026-2

7. Kathak, R. R., Sumon, A. H., Molla, N. H., Hasan, M., Miah, R., Tuba, H. R., Habib, A., & Ali, N. (2022). The association between elevated lipid profile and liver enzymes: A study on Bangladeshi adults. Scientific Reports, 12(1).

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05766-y

8. Pizoń, T., Rajzer, M., Wojciechowska, W., Wach-Pizoń, M., Drożdż, T., Wróbel, K., Gruszka, K., Rojek, M., Kameczura, T., Jurczyszyn, A., Kąkol, J., & Czarnecka, D. (2018). The relationship between plasma renin activity and serum lipid profiles in patients with primary arterial hypertension. Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 19(4).

https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320318810022

9. Yu, Y., Lan, T., Wang, D., Fang, W., Tao, Y., Li, M., Huang, X., Zhou, W., Wang, T., Zhu, L., Bao, H., & Cheng, X. (2021). The association of lipid ratios with hyperuricemia in a rural Chinese hypertensive population. Lipids in Health and Disease, 20(1).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-021-01556-z

10. Tiong, X., Nursara Shahirah, A., Pun, V., Wong, K., Fong, A., Sy, R., Castillo-Carandang, N., Nang, E., Woodward, M., Van Dam, R., Tai, E., & Venkataraman, K. (2018). The association of the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet with blood pressure, glucose and lipid profiles in Malaysian and Philippines populations. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 28(8), 856-863.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2018.04.014

11. Muhammad, H. F., Van Baak, M. A., Mariman, E. C., Sulistyoningrum, D. C., Huriyati, E., Lee, Y. Y., & Wan Muda, W. A. (2019). Dietary inflammatory index score and its association with body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, and Leptin in Indonesian adults. Nutrients, 11(1), 148.

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010148

12. Hedayatnia, M., Asadi, Z., Zare-Feyzabadi, R., Yaghooti-Khorasani, M., Ghazizadeh, H., Ghaffarian-Zirak, R., Nosrati-Tirkani, A., Mohammadi-Bajgiran, M., Rohban, M., Sadabadi, F., Rahimi, H., Ghalandari, M., Ghaffari, M., Yousefi, A., Pouresmaeili, E., Besharatlou, M., Moohebati, M., Ferns, G. A., Esmaily, H., … Ghayour-Mobarhan, M. (2020). Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk among the MASHAD study population. Lipids in Health and Disease, 19(1).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-020-01204-y

13. Islam, A. M., & Majumder, A. A. (2012). Hypertension in Bangladesh: A review. Indian Heart Journal, 64(3), 319-323.

https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-4832(12)60096-0

14. Chen, S., & Cheng, W. (2022). Relationship between lipid profiles and hypertension: A cross-sectional study of 62,957 Chinese adult males. Frontiers in Public Health, 10.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.895499

15. Nilsson, P. M. (2020). Early vascular aging in hypertension. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 7.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2020.00006

16. Ding, C., Chen, Y., Shi, Y., Li, M., Hu, L., Zhou, W., Wang, T., Zhu, L., Huang, X., Bao, H., & Cheng, X. (2020). Association between nontraditional lipid profiles and peripheral arterial disease in Chinese adults with hypertension. Lipids in Health and Disease, 19(1).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-020-01407-3

17. Sánchez-Íñigo, L., Navarro-González, D., Pastrana-Delgado, J., Fernández-Montero, A., & Martínez, J. A. (2016). Association of triglycerides and new lipid markers with the incidence of hypertension in a Spanish cohort. Journal of Hypertension, 34(7), 1257-1265.

https://doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000000941