Evaluation of Herbal Samples Constituents by Applying Phytochemical Screening Approach and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Tehseen Quds; Maryam  Ahmed; Sana  Shamim; Farhana  Tasleem

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i10.2135

Authors

Tehseen Quds Department of Pharmacognosy, Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
Maryam Ahmed Department of Pharmacognosy, Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
Sana Shamim Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
Farhana Tasleem Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Salim Habib University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i10.2135

Keywords:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Phytochemical screening, Herbal medicine

Abstract

Herbal medicines are continuously contributing a significant role in the prophylaxis and healing of diverse ailments worldwide. When analyzing the chemical constitution of herbal medicines, the important challenge is their complex chemical composition. Fourier transform spectroscopy and phytochemical screening are two significant analytical tools to determine the chemical constitution of a sample. The present research work is focused on comparing the data obtained by these two techniques to assess the type of constituents present in herbal samples. Cichorium intybus and Lepidium sativum seeds were procured from reliable herbal shops in Karachi and were identified, authenticated, powdered, extracted, and then subjected to the standard procedures of qualitative phytochemical screening and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results obtained through these two analyses were compared and interpreted. Diverse peak intensities at different wavelengths have been observed in Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of two herbal samples. Leading functional groups observed include carboxylic acids, phenols, aromatics, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohol, amines, amides, sulfate esters, ethers and alkyl halides while lipids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, triterpenes, tannins, phlobatannins, anthraquinones, saponins, and quinones were major primary and secondary metabolites detected in phytochemical screening. FTIR is an effective technique for the determination of the structure and composition of a herbal sample based on the vibrational properties of functional groups, whereas phytochemical screening is the primary and qualitative technique to detect primary and secondary metabolites in herbal samples. Comparison of results attained by these two techniques helps identify constituents and their intensities in different herbal samples.

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