Frequency of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Multigravida

Abstract

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage remains a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality across the world, predominantly in middle- and lower-income countries. Postpartum hemorrhage is significantly associated with high parity, higher maternal age, high body mass index, and mode of delivery. Estimation of its occurrence and predictors among multigravida is critical in allowing timely intervention and prevention efforts. Objective: To determine the frequency of postpartum hemorrhage in multigravida at Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Duration and Place of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, from December 2024 to May 2025. Methodology: A total of 111 multigravida women aged 25–40 years with singleton pregnancies beyond 36 weeks were enrolled through consecutive sampling. Baseline information, including age, parity, gestational age, body mass index, residence, and socioeconomic status, was recorded. Deliveries were observed, and postpartum hemorrhage was defined as ≥500 mL blood loss after vaginal delivery or ≥1000 mL following cesarean section, measured by calibrated weighing of blood-soaked materials. Results: The mean maternal age was 31.08 ± 3.02 years, with a mean parity of 4.29 ± 1.24. The overall frequency of postpartum hemorrhage was 19.8% (22/111). Significant associations were observed with maternal age (p=0.025), parity (p=0.012), body mass index (p=0.004), and mode of delivery (p=0.012). Conclusion: Postpartum hemorrhage was found in nearly one-fifth of multigravida women, with advanced age, higher parity, elevated body mass index, and cesarean delivery being significant predictors.