Rabies Elimination by 2030: A Comprehensive Review of Veterinary Approaches and Gaps Worldwide

Faiqa Shakeel; Ali Abbas; Faria Javaid; Rumaisa Mansoor; Saniya Soomro; Urooj Fatima; Zarish Noreen; AminaTariq

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i10.2491

Authors

Faiqa Shakeel Faculty of Engineering and Science (FES), University of Greenwich, England, UK.
Ali Abbas Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Faria Javaid Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Rumaisa Mansoor Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Saniya Soomro PCSIR Labs, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.
Urooj Fatima Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
Zarish Noreen International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
AminaTariq Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i10.2491

Keywords:

Rabies Elimination, Mass Dog Vaccination, One Health, Surveillance, Post-exposure Prophylaxis, Reservoir Control, Veterinary Interventions.

Abstract

By 2030, the World Health Organization, World Organization for Animal Health, and Food and Agriculture Organization hope to eradicate dog-mediated human rabies through their "Zero by 30" campaign. This review examines the difficulties and tactics used by veterinarians to accomplish this. It looks at One Health strategies, surveillance, wildlife control, and mass dog vaccination, pointing out regional gaps and achievements. Herd immunity requires 70% coverage for mass dog vaccination, which is effective but erratic because of community and logistical obstacles. Rabies has been reduced in Europe thanks to wildlife vaccination, but it is not as widely used in Africa. Due to a lack of diagnostic tools, surveillance is crucial but inadequate in Asia and Africa. Despite lacking funding, One Health coordination improves outcomes. While Africa and Asia face delays due to poverty, conflict, and limited access to vaccines, Latin America is on the verge of eradication. Scaling vaccination, enhancing diagnostics, and fortifying One Health policies are among the recommendations. Cost-effective tactics and community involvement are the main areas of research need. To close the funding and policy gaps and reach the 2030 goal, veterinary leadership is essential.

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