Prime Editing the Non-Coding Genome: A Molecular Review of Correcting Regulatory Mutations for Precision Cancer Therapy

Alina Mansoor; Midhat Narmeen Mustafa; Abdul Ahad Mehboob; Nureen Shafaqat; Sanam Dehraj; Amna Noor; Sehresh Murtaza; Mahnoor Javed

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i10.2553

Authors

Alina Mansoor Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
Midhat Narmeen Mustafa Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
Abdul Ahad Mehboob Department of Cancer Screening, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, England
Nureen Shafaqat Nuclear College of Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University of China
Sanam Dehraj Department of Microbiology, Sindh University Jamshoro, Pakistan
Amna Noor Department of Pathology, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Sehresh Murtaza Department of Bioscience, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
Mahnoor Javed Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of Okara, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i10.2553

Keywords:

Prime Editing, Non-Coding Genome, Precision Cancer Therapy, RNAs

Abstract

Prime editing, a flexible "search-and-replace" genome editing technique, has become a potent instrument for accurately altering the genome without the need for donor templates or double-strand DNA breaks. The vast non-coding regulatory genome, which includes enhancers, promoters, untranslated regions (UTRs), and non-coding RNAs, is now understood to be a major driver of tumorigenesis, despite the fact that the majority of cancer research has concentrated on protein-coding mutations. Oncogene dysregulation, tumor suppressor silencing, and treatment resistance can all result from mutations in these areas. The convergence of these two fields is examined in this review, which also describes the use of prime editing to fix particular, harmful non-coding mutations. In order to restore normal gene expression patterns, we describe methods for focusing on regulatory elements, present a landscape of non-coding drivers in cancer, and talk about the fundamentals of prime editing. Lastly, we look at delivery methods, therapeutic factors, and how prime editing might be incorporated into the precision oncology paradigm going forward. We emphasize how prime editing could help usher in a new era of targeted therapy and functional genomics.

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