Assessment of Phytoremediation Potential of Sadabahar Assisted by Humic Acid against Lead (Pb) Contamination

Rahela Komal; Maham Shoukat; Samn Tabassum; Rubina Gishkori; Muhammad Nawaz

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i10.2558

Authors

Rahela Komal Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Maham Shoukat Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Samn Tabassum Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Rubina Gishkori Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Muhammad Nawaz Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i10.2558

Keywords:

Lead, sadabahar, humic acid, growth, physiology, antioxidant enzymes

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the phytoremediation potential of Sada Bahar (Catharanthus roseus) grown in lead contaminated soil augmented by humic acid. A completely randomized bock designed pot experiment was conducted in which three concentrations of lead comprising (0.1mM, 0.3mM, and 0.5 mM) while humic acid was applied as 2% and 4% (V/W) to explore their effect on growth, physiological, biochemical, enzymatic of plant as well as the accumulation of lead in different tissues of plant. Different eleven combinations of treatments including one as control were designed and each treatment has three replicates. The results showed there was significant negative effect of lead on morphological parameters of plants without humic acid, such as plant height reduced to 16%, 18% and 37% respectively at varying levels of lead while leaf surface area reduced 6% to 9% and biomass 23% to 45% at (P<0.05) with highest reduction rate (0.5 mM). Biochemical parameters, including chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were also reduced to great extent while catalase, superoxide dismutase, proline content were increased under lead toxicity. However, the application of humic acid mainly at its maximum concentration of 4% alleviated the adverse effects by improving growth performance, and restoring physiological attributes approximately 40-60%. Lead accumulation was noted highest in roots as compared to shoot and leaves by following the pattern Root>shoot>leaves. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) values confirmed the capacity of Sada Bahar to uptake and maintain lead, signifying its potential for phytoremediation. Overall, the findings highlighted that humic acid effectively mitigated lead induced stress and enhanced the phytoremediation efficiency of Catharanthus roseus against lead contamination.

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