Frequency of Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia in Patients with Cerebrovascular Accident Hospitalized in Madina Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia significantly increase the risk and severity of cerebrovascular events. Early detection of these modifiable factors is essential to improve patient outcomes and reduce recurrence. Objective: To determine the frequency of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia among patients admitted with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and to assess their association with common clinical variables. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Madina Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad. A total of 81 patients aged ≥18 years, presenting with acute neurological deficits and confirmed as ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke on CT scan, were included through consecutive sampling. Demographic information, medical history, and risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, were recorded. Laboratory investigations included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and fasting lipid profile. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Numerical variables were expressed as mean ± SD, while categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Associations were assessed using chi-square tests. Results: Of the 81 patients, 56.8% were male and 76.5% had ischemic stroke. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor (60.5%), followed by diabetes (30.9%) and smoking (27.2%). Hyperglycemia was present in 16% of patients, while dyslipidemia was observed in 18.5%. A significant association was found between hyperglycemia and known diabetes (p < 0.001). Dyslipidemia showed no significant association with gender, hypertension, diabetes, or smoking. Most patients (71.6%) presented without either metabolic abnormality. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia were relatively less prevalent compared to other regional studies; however, they remain clinically important modifiable factors. Routine metabolic screening in all stroke patients is recommended to enable early detection and targeted management, potentially improving outcomes and reducing the risk of recurrent stroke.