The Prevalence of Pinworm Infection in Children of District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i4.275Keywords:
Pinworm Infection, Children, Prevalence, Mardan DistrictAbstract
The aim of this study was to determine the Enterobius vermicularis prevalence in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's (KP) Mardan district. Five months, from December 2012 to April 2013, were used to gather the data. For the research, 140 kids between the ages of 1 and 14 were chosen at random. Enterobiasis was detected in stool samples by the direct smear technique. The findings of this study revealed that 27% (38/140) (p<0.05) of children had positive E. vermicularis tests. As compared to boys, girls had a greater prevalence. Age-wise study showed that children aged 1–5 years had the highest prevalence (34.33%) (p<0.05), while those aged 11–14 years had the lowest frequency (14.8%). Out of all the areas tested, Rashakai had the greatest incidence (34%). Monthly, the prevalence was at its lowest in April 2013 (17.4%) and at its highest in March 2013 (35.14%) (P < 0.05). The results indicate that E. vermicularis is highly prevalent in Rashakai, underscoring the necessity of focused treatments in this region. Therefore, a clean water supply, proper living conditions, cleanliness, and health education can all help to control and limit the infection. The study concludes that E. vermicularis prevalence varies by age, sex, region, and season. High rates in Rashakai and among children highlight the need for targeted interventions, including health education, improved sanitation, and routine screening, to effectively reduce infection burdens in vulnerable populations.
Downloads
References
Afrakhteh, N., Marhaba, Z., Mahdavi, S. A., Garoosian, S., Mirnezhad, R., Vakili, M. E., Shahraj, H. A., Javadian, B., Rezaei, R., & Moosazadeh, M. (2015). Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis amongst kindergartens and preschool children in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 40(4), 1332-1336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-015-0683-z
Amiri, S. A., Rahimi, M. T., Mahdavi, S. A., Moosazadeh, M., Ramzani, O., Koshk, A. F., Rosbehan, R., & Siyadatpanah, S. A. (2016). Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children, Babol, north of Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 40(4), 1558-1562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-015-0727-4
Bogitsh, B. J., Carter, C. E., & Oeltmann, T. N. (2013). Intestinal nematodes. Human Parasitology, 291-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-415915-0.00016-9
Choudhury, S., Kumar, B., & Pal, D. K. (2017). Enterobius vermicularis infestation of urinary tract leading to recurrent urinary tract infection. Tropical Parasitology, 7(2), 119-121. https://doi.org/10.4103/tp.TP_22_17
Cook, G. C. (1994). Enterobius vermicularis infection. Gut, 35(9), 1159-1162. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.35.9.1159
Farooqi, M. A. (1964). An investigation of human intestinal parasitism in some areas of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, 3, 113-115.
Hazratitappeh, K. H., Salari, S. H., Almasi, R., & MOHAMMAD, Z. (2002). Prevalence of Oxyuris in kindergartens in Urmia and disease control methods. J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, 7(7), 34-29.
Jamil, F. (1999). An analysis for the prevalence of human intestinal helminth parasites in urban and suburban communities of Islamabad. Lahore: Department of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University.
Khan, W., Panhwar, W. A., Mehmood, S. A., Ahmed, S., Ahmed, M. S., Khan, N., Khan, M. M., Akram, W., Ullah, S., & Imran. (2022). Pinworm infection in school children of four districts of Malakand region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 82. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.238769
Khan, W., Nisa, N. And Khan, A., 2015. Diversity of intestinal parasites in male and female students and workers of education department of Swat, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 47, 565-568. http://www.zsp.com.pk/pdf47/565-598%20(34)%20SHORT%20COMMUNICATIONS%202015.pdf
Khan, W., Nisa, N., & Khan, A. (2017). Prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among food handlers of swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 5(5), 331-336. https://doi.org/10.12691/jfnr-5-5-7
Khan, W., Nisa, N., & Nawaz, M. A. (2018). Incidence of tapeworm infection in human population of swat, Pakistan: An occupation based study. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 50(2). https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.2.639.645
Kubiak, K., Dzika, E., & Paukszto, Ł. (2017). Enterobiasis epidemiology and molecular characterization of Enterobius vermicularis in healthy children in north-eastern Poland. Helminthologia, 54(4), 284-291. https://doi.org/10.1515/helm-2017-0042
Lee, S., Lee, J., Ju, J., Lee, W., & Cho, S. (2011). Prevalence ofEnterobius vermicularisamong preschool children in Gimhae-SI, gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 49(2), 183. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.183
Maqbool, A. Z. H. A. R., Ali, S. A., Tanveer, A., & Masood, S. (2007). Prevalence and control of food borne parasitic zoonosis in Pakistan. Malaysian Applied Biology, 36(1), 15.
Nagar, H. (1987). Surgical aspects of parasitic disease in childhood. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 22(4), 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(87)80234-8
Ng, Y. W., Ng, S. B., & Low, J. J. (2011). Enterobius Vermicularis infestation of the endometrium – A cause of menstrual irregularity and review of literature. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 40(11), 514-515. https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v40n11p514
Niaz, S., Arif, M., Zubair, N., Khan, S., & Zeb, M. A. (2019). Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in children of district Mardan, Pakistan. PSM Biological Research, 4(2), 58-62. https://www.psmjournals.org/index.php/biolres/article/view/199
Nithikathkul, C., Changsap, B., Wannapinyosheep, S., Poister, C. K., & Boontan, P. (2001). The prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among primary school students in Samut Prakan Province, Thailand. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 32(suppl. 2), 133-137. https://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2001-32-suppl-2/27-133.pdf
Pal, R. A., & Subhani, F. (1989). Prevalence of intestinal helminth parasites in primary school children of Dir District (NWFP). Pakistan J. Sci. Tech, 13, 99-102.
Park, J., Han, E., Kim, W., Shin, E., Guk, S., Kim, J., & Chai, J. (2005). A survey of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children on western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 43(4), 129. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.4.129
Requena, I., Jiménez, Y., Rodríguez, N., Sandoval, M., Alcala, F., Blanco, Y., & Devera, R. (2007). Enterobius vermicularis in preschool children from a suburban area in San Felix, Bolívar State, Venezuela. Investigacion Clinica, 48(3), 277-286. https://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?pid=S0535-51332007000300002&script=sci_abstract&tlng=en
Roberts, L. S., & Janovy Jr, J. (2009). Nematodes: Ascaridida, intestinal large roundworms. Foundations of Parasitology, eighth ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 431-435.
Naheed Sajjad, N. S., Yasmin Nawaz, Y. N., Jawaria Nawaz, J. N., & Mohammad Nawaz, M. N. (2009). Gastro intestinal tract parasites study among disable centers in Quetta city, Pakistan. Proceedings of Parasitology, 47, 53-59. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20093244865
SIDDIQI, M.N. & BANO, L., (1979). Observations on parasitic infections in school children of Peshawar. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 11, pp. 109-113. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19810879348
Sung, J. F., Lin, R. S., Huang, K. C., Wang, S. Y., & Lu, Y. J. (2001). Pinworm control and risk factors of pinworm infection among primary-school children in Taiwan. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 65(5), 558-562. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=f464ede29d797cbaf3ff82657c677ae5f44430a6
Taylor, A., Saichua, P., Rhongbutsri, P., Tiengtip, R., Kitvatanachai, S., & Taylor, W. R. (2018). A preliminary epidemiological study of pinworm infection in Thaklong municipal early childhood development center and rangsit babies’ home, Pathum Thani, Thailand. BMC Research Notes, 11, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3708-8
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indus Journal of Bioscience Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
