Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome among Young Patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i7.2776Keywords:
Metabolic syndrome, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, Bipolar Disorder, Manic Episodes, Young Adults, Socioeconomic Status, Rural Health, Psychiatric Disorders, Young Mania Rating Scale, cardiovascular risk factors, coronary artery disease.Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components among young patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from 11 February to 11 May 2025. Methodology: A total of 189 patients aged 18–40 years diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling. Clinical examination included age, weight, height, and body mass index. Metabolic syndrome was assessed using standard diagnostic criteria. Laboratory parameters including fasting glucose, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were recorded. Results: The mean age of patients was 33.8 ± 4.1 years, and 79.3% were male. Metabolic syndrome was present in 42.9% of the cohort. Central obesity (45.4%) and hypertriglyceridemia (38.6%) were the most common components. Patients with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher BMI (29.1 ± 3.2 vs 26.1 ± 3.1), fasting glucose (118.4 ± 22.5 mg/dL vs 97.2 ± 16.8 mg/dL), and triglyceride levels (197.6 ± 48.2 mg/dL vs 136.9 ± 42.7 mg/dL). Multivessel coronary artery disease was more frequent in the metabolic syndrome group (32.1% vs 18.7%). Smoking (p = 0.03) and family history of coronary artery disease (p = 0.04) showed significant associations with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is common among young patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and is associated with a more adverse cardiometabolic profile and greater coronary disease burden. Early detection and targeted prevention strategies are essential to reduce premature cardiovascular morbidity in this population.
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