Inflammatory Tissue Breakdown in Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis: A Comparative Clinical Profile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i1.2798Keywords:
Periodontal Implantitis, Inflammatory Tissue Breakdown, Periodontal Parameters, Dental ImplantsAbstract
Background: Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by progressive destruction of supporting hard and soft tissues. Although both conditions share similar pathogenic mechanisms, differences in tissue architecture and host response may influence disease severity and clinical outcomes. Understanding comparative inflammatory tissue breakdown in natural teeth and implants is essential for improving prevention and long-term maintenance strategies. Objectives: To compare the clinical inflammatory tissue breakdown associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis and to identify contributory oral hygiene and care-seeking patterns among adult dental patients. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 300 adult patients attending tertiary care dental clinics in urban Pakistan. Periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index were recorded for natural teeth, while peri-implant parameters included peri-implant probing depth, BOP, and radiographic marginal bone loss. Data regarding oral hygiene practices and dental visit patterns were collected through structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with multivariate logistic regression applied to determine independent predictors of inflammatory tissue breakdown. Results: Periodontitis was identified in 54.0% of participants, peri-implantitis in 19.3%, and concurrent involvement of both conditions in 15.3%. Participants with peri-implantitis demonstrated significantly deeper probing depths and higher bleeding scores compared to periodontitis alone (p < 0.05). Poor oral hygiene and irregular dental attendance were independently associated with increased inflammatory tissue destruction in both conditions. Conclusions: Both periodontitis and peri-implantitis demonstrate substantial inflammatory tissue breakdown, with peri-implant tissues showing greater susceptibility to rapid disease progression. Emphasis on meticulous plaque control and structured maintenance programs is essential to preserve periodontal and peri-implant health.
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