Epidemiological Analysis of Dengue among Patients Visiting Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, in 2023

Abstract

Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that has become endemic in many regions of Pakistan and represents a major public health concern in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Increasing case numbers in recent years highlight the need for updated regional data. This study aimed to assess the pattern of dengue infection among patients tested at Lady Reading Hospital (LRH), Peshawar, during 2023. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using secondary data extracted from LRH laboratory and admission records. All patients referred for dengue testing between January and December 2023 were included. Information such as age, sex, district of residence, and dengue test results (NS1 antigen by ELISA) was recorded and analyzed. Data were categorized into five age groups to observe age-related variation. Results: A total of 2004 patients were tested for dengue in 2023, of which 600 (29.9%) were positive and 1404 (70.1%) were negative. Males accounted for 379 (63.2%) positive cases, while females accounted for 221 (36.8%). Most patients belonged to the 0–20 year age group (44.8%), followed by the 21–40 year group (41.3%), indicating a higher burden in younger individuals. Patients were referred from multiple districts of KPK, with Peshawar contributing 71.8% of all tested cases, reflecting both high local transmission and the role of LRH as a major tertiary care center Conclusion: Dengue remains a significant public health issue in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, with the highest burden observed among males and individuals aged 0–20 years. The predominance of cases from Peshawar underscores the need for strengthened vector control, enhanced public awareness, and improved surveillance across the province. Effective preventive measures are essential to reduce disease transmission and mitigate future outbreaks.