Assessment of Smoking and Diabetes Mellitus as Risk Factors in the Development of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Mardan and Peshawar Regions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v4i2.2899Keywords:
Tuberculosis, Multidrug Resistant, Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking, Gene-XpertAbstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health problem. Diabetes and smoking is an important risk factor for TB that might affect disease presentation and treatment response. Objective: The current study was aimed to assess smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM) as risk factor in the development of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at Mardan and Peshawar region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methodology: A total of 1000 patients’ sample were analyzed from Jan-2020 to Jan 2021, to asses MDR-TB referred from out-patients department (OPD) and other healthcare units for screening of active TB infection. Qualitative analysis of the samples was done after acid fast staining. After microscopy of the samples the samples were then screened for rifampicin resistance tuberculosis via GeneXpert (RT-PCR). Results: Among the 1000 patients 201 patients diagnosed with MDR-TB. Total 88 cases were found RIF-R in Mardan region in which 38 were males and 50 were females. In Peshawar region, total 113 cases were found RIF-R in which 54 were males and 59 were females. Out of 201 samples, 3.4 % were males and 4.9 % were females having MDR-TB with DM in Mardan region. While in Peshawar region 4.4 % were males and 6.4 % were females. In Peshawar 7.4 % smokers were MDR-TB positive while in Mardan 3.9 % were MDR-TB with smoking history. The current study shows that MDR-TB patients also had DM and smoking habits, characterizing both of them as significant factors and the incidence of these factors vary geographically among different age groups of males and females. The early phase diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in Pakistan is necessary to develop an effective strategy for the prevention and eradication of tuberculosis.
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