Comparison of Intravitreal Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy Including Aflibercept versus Patizra for Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i7.2996Keywords:
Diabetic Macular Edema, Aflibercept, Ranibizumab Biosimilar, Best Corrected Visual Acuity, Intravitreal anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy.Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept and ranibizumab biosimilar Patriza® in improving best corrected visual acuity in patients with diabetic macular edema. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Mughal Eye Trust Hospital, Lahore, February to May 2025. Methods: A total of 160 eyes from 160 patients aged 40 to 70 years with diabetic macular edema were enrolled through non-probability consecutive sampling and randomly allocated by lottery method into two equal groups. Group A received intravitreal aflibercept, whereas Group B received intravitreal ranibizumab biosimilar Patriza® at monthly intervals. All patients were followed for three months. The primary outcome was improvement in best corrected visual acuity, defined as more than one Snellen line gain after treatment. Mean change in best corrected visual acuity from baseline to three months was also assessed. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0, and p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between both groups. At three months, post-treatment best corrected visual acuity was significantly better in the Patriza® group than in the aflibercept group (0.44 ± 0.14 vs. 0.37 ± 0.12, p=0.001). Mean change in best corrected visual acuity was also greater in Group B than in Group A (0.20 ± 0.09 vs. 0.14 ± 0.07, p=0.001). Improvement of more than one Snellen line was observed in 68.8% of eyes treated with Patriza® compared with 48.8% of eyes treated with aflibercept (p=0.007). Visual worsening was uncommon in both groups and did not differ significantly. Conclusion: Both aflibercept and ranibizumab biosimilar Patriza® improved visual acuity in patients with diabetic macular edema; however, Patriza® produced significantly greater short-term functional improvement at three months. These findings suggest that Patriza® may be a more effective option for early visual recovery in this patient population.
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