Epidemiology of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in the General Population of Dera Ismail Khan District (D.I. Khan) Pakistan

Najm Ud Din; Muhammad Saqib; Dawood Khan; Laila Perveen; Muhammad Kamal Shah; Muhammad Fareed; Rubab    Khalil; Hamid ur Rehman; Amarat Ullah Khan; Abdul Samad Khan

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v2i02.318

Authors

Najm Ud Din Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Muhammad Saqib Department of Zoology, Gomal University (Tank Campus), Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Dawood Khan Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Laila Parveen Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Muhammad Kamal Shah Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Muhammad Fareed Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Rubab Khalil Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Hamid ur Rehman Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Amarat Ullah Khan Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Abdul Samad Khan Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v2i02.318

Keywords:

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HBV, HCV, ALT, Dera Ismail Khan, Seroprevalence, Epidemiology, Public Health, Liver Diseases

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and epidemiology of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) in the general population of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, and to identify demographic and biochemical associations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,244 individuals randomly selected across various age groups and genders. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using immunochromatographic testing (ICT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV-specific antibodies. Biochemical analysis of alanine transaminase (ALT) was performed using Microlab 300 (Merck, USA). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 to evaluate associations between demographic variables and disease prevalence. Results: The overall prevalence of HBV and HCV was 25.72%. HBV was detected in 228 (29%) individuals, with a higher prevalence in males (34.31%) compared to females (19.20%) and the 16-30 years age group (43.17%). HCV was identified in 92 (20.08%) individuals, with males (22.05%) more affected than females (17.43%), and the 46-60 years age group showing the highest prevalence (27.82%). ALT levels were significantly elevated in infected individuals, with mean values of 111.63 ± 101.38 in males and 143.50 ± 52.50 in females. Conclusion: The study highlights the substantial burden of HBV and HCV, emphasizing the need for enhanced public health interventions, including vaccination, early screening, and community education, to mitigate the disease burden.

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References

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