Efficacy of Low-Dose Aspirin in Preventing Preeclampsia in High-Risk Pregnancies

Faria Zulfiqar; Komal Syed; Sayyed Hamza Shahid; Laraib Mukhtar; Adeeba Fatima; Muhammad Zaman

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i1.560

Authors

Faria Zulfiqar Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Komal Syed Hamdard University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Sayyed Hamza Shahid Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Laraib Mukhtar Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Adeeba Fatima DHQ Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
Muhammad Zaman Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i1.560

Keywords:

Low-Dose Aspirin, Preeclampsia Prevention, High-Risk Pregnancies, Maternal Health, Obstetric Complications

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a major cause of illness and death for pregnant women and newborns worldwide, with an estimated prevalence ranging from 2% to 15% of all pregnancies, with an average of approximately 4.6%. Objective: The study's main objective is to find the efficacy of low-dose aspirin in preventing preeclampsia in high-risk pregnancies. Methodology: This randomized control trial was conducted at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore during 1st June 2024 to 31st Nov 2024. Data were collected from 165 pregnant women. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: the aspirin group, which received a daily dose of 81 mg low-dose aspirin, and the placebo group, which received an identical-looking placebo. Results: Data were collected from 165 patients. Maternal age was 30.5 ± 4.2 years in the aspirin group and 31.0 ± 4.0 years in the placebo group (p = 0.48). Gestational age at enrolment averaged 13.8 ± 1.2 weeks and 13.7 ± 1.3 weeks for the aspirin and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.65). BMI was 29.5 ± 3.8 kg/m² in the aspirin group and 29.8 ± 3.5 kg/m² in the placebo group (p = 0.72). Key risk factors, such as chronic hypertension (20% vs. 22%, p = 0.76) and history of preeclampsia (18% vs. 20%, p = 0.68), were evenly distributed. The mean gestational age at delivery was significantly higher in the aspirin group (38.2 ± 1.5 weeks) compared to the placebo group (36.8 ± 2.0 weeks). Conclusion: It is concluded that low-dose aspirin is an effective and safe intervention for preventing preeclampsia in high-risk pregnancies.

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