Integrated Management of Cardiovascular Disorders: Pathological Basis, Surgical Advances, and Medical Therapies

Marvelous Popoola; Zarina Naz; Hamza Basheer; Bushra Nawaz; Muhammad Hamza Goraya; Irtaza Tahir; Nida Zaid Khan

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i10.2441

Authors

Marvelous Popoola Calvary Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
Zarina Naz National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Hamza Basheer Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Bushra Nawaz Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Hamza Goraya Abwa Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Irtaza Tahir Azra Naheed Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
Nida Zaid Khan Al Kawthar University College of Nursing Karachi Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i10.2441

Keywords:

Cardiovascular Disorders, Integrated Management, Pathophysiology, Surgical Advances, Minimally Invasive Interventions.

Abstract

This study investigates the integrated management of cardiovascular disorders by examining the pathological basis, surgical advancements, and medical therapies among patients in Punjab, Pakistan. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed, involving 400 cardiovascular patients selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and hospital records, then analyzed using SPSS version 26 through descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression models. The analysis revealed that elevated cholesterol, LDL, BMI, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels significantly contributed to disease severity (R² = 0.47, p < 0.001), highlighting the dominant role of inflammatory and lipid-driven mechanisms in cardiovascular pathology. Furthermore, patients undergoing minimally invasive and hybrid interventions such as PCI and TAVI demonstrated markedly shorter recovery times and improved outcomes compared to traditional open-heart surgeries (F = 45.72, p < 0.001). These findings underscore the necessity of integrating surgical precision with medical therapy to enhance patient recovery and reduce hospital burden. The study concludes that an evidence-based, multidisciplinary framework combining pathology, surgery, and pharmacology is essential for improving cardiovascular outcomes in developing healthcare contexts such as Punjab

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