Clinical Outcomes in Intracranial Bleed Patients in Inpatients Department
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i5.2818Keywords:
Intracranial Bleeding, Clinical Outcomes, Mortality, Disability.Abstract
Background: Intracranial hemorrhage is a high-mortality and high-morbidity neurologic emergency. Clinical outcomes are determined by demographic and clinical factors and guide prognostication and resource utilization. There is scarce local data on short-term outcomes among patients with this diagnosis from Pakistan, particularly from Rawalpindi region. Objective: To determine the clinical outcomes in intracranial bleed patients in inpatients department presenting to Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Duration and Place of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Neurology, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, from August 2024 to January 2025. Methodology: A total of 120 patients aged 30–70 years with computed tomography-confirmed intracranial hemorrhage were enrolled. Patients with trauma-induced hematomas, anticoagulant use, brain tumors, or vascular malformations were excluded. Demographic and clinical details, including age, gender, body mass index, socioeconomic status, residential background, and symptom duration, were recorded. Outcomes were classified as in-hospital death, significant disability (modified Rankin scale 3–4), and favorable short-term outcome (modified Rankin scale 1–2). Results: The mean age of patients was 51.86±10.20 years, and the mean body mass index was 26.10±2.48 kg/m². Mortality occurred in 59 patients (49.2%), while 31 patients (25.8%) developed significant disability, and only 30 patients (25.0%) achieved favorable short-term outcomes. Older age, higher body mass index, prolonged symptom duration, rural residence, and poor socioeconomic status were significantly associated with higher mortality and poorer outcomes. Conclusion: Intracranial hemorrhage carries a high mortality and disability burden.
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