Frequency of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Diabetic Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i5.2998Keywords:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, ultrasonography, hepatic steatosisAbstract
Objective: To determine the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, PAF Hospital Mushaf, Sargodha, over six months from May 2024 to December 2024. Methodology: A total of 200 patients aged 45 to 70 years of either gender with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus within the preceding six months were included through non-probability consecutive sampling. Patients with hypertension, chronic alcoholism, drug-induced fatty liver disease, or evidence of cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, or hepatic disease were excluded. Diabetes was defined as glycated hemoglobin of 6.5% or more. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed on abdominal ultrasonography and graded according to hepatic echogenicity. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Quantitative variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation, whereas qualitative variables were expressed as frequency and percentage. Stratification was performed for age, gender, smoking, and obesity, followed by chi-square test, with p < 0.05 taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.6 ± 7.2 years. Of the 200 patients, 118 (59.0%) were male and 82 (41.0%) were female. The overall prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was 59.0%. Mild, moderate, and severe steatosis were observed in 26.0%, 20.0%, and 13.0% of patients, respectively. Age group (p = 0.049) and obesity (p < 0.001) showed significant association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas gender (p = 0.471) and smoking status (p = 0.374) did not show statistically significant association. Conclusion: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was found in more than half of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Older age and obesity were significant determinants, indicating that early hepatic screening in diabetic patients may help identify a substantial burden of disease at an early stage.
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